Tribologie B

BACTERIA INFESTATION
Coolants mixed with water (e.g. emulsions) provide good nutrients for bacteria, yeasts and fungus. Bactericides protect the emulsion from infestation by bacteria, which may also manifest itself in the form of unpleasant odours, corrosion of workpieces, a reduction in the pH value, etc.

BARIUM-COMPLEX LUBRICATING GREASES
Lubricating greases with good high-pressure characteristics and high resistance to water.

BARIUM-SOAP LUBRICANTS
Lubricants made of barium soaps and mineral or synthetic oils. Highly water repellent, good shear stability, but generally have poor low-temperature characteristics.

BARREL
The barrel is an international capacity measure which has been used in the mineral oil sector since the start of oil production. Production output and prices are set in barrels or dollars per barrel. 1 Barrel = 42 US gallons = 159 Litres.

BASE OILS
Important content of mineral and synthetic oils in mixed or compounded lubricants such as engine and gear oils or in products such as lubricating greases. The type and quantity of base oils are decisive for characteristics such as viscosity temperature characteristics, resistance to oxidation, response to additives, etc.

BASE OILS
Important constituents of mineral and synthetic oils in mixed or compounded lubricating oils such as engine and gear oils or in products which contain lubricating oils, e.g. lubricating greases. The type and quantity of base oils in a product help to determine viscosity temperature characteristics, resistance to oxidation, response to additives, friction behaviour, etc.

BATCH BLENDING
Mixing and adding of mineral and synthetic oil products in heatable mixing vessels with agitators (MOTOREX mixer: 0.3 – 20 m3). The temperature must be selected so that all parts to be mixed are distributed uniformly and yet still no undesired reactions occur.

BENTONITE
Minerals (e.g. aluminium silicate, montmorillonite, etc.), which act as thickeners for the manufacture of temperature-resistant lubricants with good refrigerating characteristics.

BENZIN
These are petroleum oil hydrocarbons in the boiling range of approx. 25°C to approx. 215°C. They are divided into:

A. Raw gasoline (naphtha)
Feedstocks for petrochemicals and intermediate products such as ethylenes, propylenes, etc.

B. Special and test benzin
For various applications such as for cleaning agents, solvents, benzin for chemical preparatory and analytical purposes, etc.

C. Engine benzin
Fuel (chain and cyclic hydrocarbon mixtures) produced for spark-ignition engines using special refining methods, with the familiar qualities available at service stations.

D. Aircraft turbine fuels
For jet engines (jets, turbines), also called kerosene.

E. Aviation fuel
For aircraft with piston engines (sports aircraft)

BENZOLE
Cyclic hydrocarbon produced as a distillation product when coking bituminous coal or also during cracking processes (see cracking process).

BIOLOGICALLY DEGRADABLE LUBRICANT
This means the biochemical decomposition of organic chemical compounds accelerated by microorganisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc. bring about biological degradation through what is termed bio-oxidation. This occurs in several stages, producing CO2, water, protein cell material and multiplication of micro-organisms. At the present time, there are three groups of lubricants that can be broken down quickly biologically: Polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils and certain synthetic esters. They serve as a basis for two-stroke, chain, release, lubricating and hydraulic oils and greases, etc.

BITUMEN
It is produced during the environmentally compatible processing of crude oils (residue of vacuum distillation). Dark-coloured, semi-solid, meltable, high-molecular hydrocarbon mixtures. Bitumen is used in asphalt and as an insulating material, etc.

BLANK HARDENING OILS
High-quality refined products that are highly resistant to ageing, non-compounded or inhibited, which do not deposit any residues on the workpiece.

BLEEDING
The lubricating oil contained in lubricating grease is separated from the soap skeleton. Bleeding of grease at the lubricating point may mean that the grease is not stable enough in use and/or is not temperature-resistant.

BLENDING
Refining mineral oil products by means of additives, in accordance with a formula. The delicate mixing process is undertaken in a tank or vessel as "batch blending" or in computer-controlling mixing systems over 2 to 5 hours at temperatures of between 60 and 110 °C.

BLOWN OILS
Rich oils blown with hot air at temperatures of approx. 80 to 120°C, thus enlarging the molecules and thickening the oil.

BOUNDARY FRICTION
Occurs if the lubricating film is broken or destroyed during friction. Two mating surfaces of materials make contact as a result of conditions that promote friction such as pressure or speed. Boundary friction cannot be avoided before a load-carrying lubricating film is formed during start-up and shutdown and when the direction of rotation changes.

BREAK-IN OILS
Lubricating oils for running in new machines, engines, etc. so that roughness points can be smoothed or evened out via chemical/physical processes in as controlled a manner as possible, so that a larger percentage of contact area can be achieved for the surfaces that slide against each other.

BRIGHT STOCK
Highly viscous, refined light residue of lubricating oil. Possesses a very good lubricating action and is a mixing component in lubricating oils.

BURNING POINT
Lowest temperature, referred to a certain pressure, at which the vapours of a uniformly warmed fluid continue to burn for a further five seconds after ignition by a flame: DIN ISO 2592

BURNISHING OILS
a) Oil for removing salt deposited on workpieces made of burnishing salt solutions
b) Oil for blackening the surface of steel parts

BUTANE
Hydrocarbon C4H10 that is a gas at a normal temperature: DIN 51 622